Search results for "Sociologie rurale"
showing 9 items of 9 documents
Social process of adaptation to environmental changes: How eastern african societies intervene between crops and climate
2014
Abstract Studies on climate change can only be conducted on a long time scale, and observing how societies adapt their sowing practices to climate variability is challenging and costly. As an alternative, a space and time substitution design was used, changes in space corresponding to that induced in time by environmental change. On the eastern slope of Mount Kenya, the Tharaka community, originating from the lowlands (750 m), moved up to the midlands (950 m) with their lowland-adapted resources, whereas the Mwimbi, originating from wetter upland (1100 m), moved down to the midlands with their highland-adapted genetic resources. A weather station was installed at 950 and 1100 m, and a logis…
Local Interactions and the Global City Metropolization in Warsaw
2002
A number of the world's large cities are taking on increasing economic importance in the international arenas because they concentrate high-order activities This metropolization process is a result of the changes occurring in the emerging post-industrial economy, i.e. the rise of services and information. It is based on the combination of proximity interactions and global interactions and it is characterized both by a specific internal spatial pattern and by a large outside area of influence. Since the transition period, services, and particularly high-order services, have grown more rapidly in Poland than in EU countries, as if a catching-up process has been underway. A large part of these…
Services supérieurs et recomposition urbaine
2000
Since the 1980s, we have observed an increasing tendency o f specialized services like producer services to leave their « natural habitat » in the center o f large met ropolitan areas in order to re loc at e in suburban zones. This phenomenon is particularly apparen t in North American citi es and seems to be occurring around certain French cities too. This paperinvestigates the forms taken by this new trend, and the reasons behind it. Taking economic geography and economics of cities as our theoretical basis, we first describe the main forces deter mining the agglomeration o f producer services and their preference for certain big cities. Agglomeration factors are to be looked for not only…
Empirical tests of the multicentric urban models
1999
Since the seventies the effects of city size growth and diversification of economic activities on the multipolarisation of economic activities have questioned the theoretical and empirical appropriateness of the monocentric urban pattern to explain and describe the spatial organization of the modern metropolitan areas. New assumptions were based on multicentric and nonmonocentric urban economics models, which have become the core of new economic geography analysis during the nineties. At the same time, a lot of empirical studies have attempted to describe the urban economic patterns of North American metropolitan areas. Using this empirical literature, the aim of this paper is to propose a …
La crise des années 1930 et les nouveaux usages du territoire : folklore et productions emblématiques
2003
La France et ses paysans : 130 ans d'histoire nationale
2002
On the emergence of the urban phenomenon Part II
2001
In this paper, we extend the basic model describing the formation of urban agglomerations in a pre-industrial setting. As we will show, this setting is flexible enough to allow for the investigation of multiple aspects of the spatial economy. After summarizing the basic model and the numerical examples we will refer to, we successively examine the issues of coordination failure in the emergence of the urban phenomenon, the presence of transactions costs and the possibility of diffusion of manufactured good production through the system of agglomerations. This last aspect will be treated in two different ways : that of increasing agricultural productivity and that of increasing technologi…
Externalités d'informations et évolution des villes
1999
Present-day city growth is chiefly the result of new tertiary activities such as financial and producer services, R&D, or business administration. These activities consume human capital, knowledge and high-tech capital, which are all rapidly changing inputs; they are based on complex decision-making processes; this renders them highly information-dependent. Inasmuch as these activities are the main key to understanding the city, information must play a leading role in understanding urban forms. The concentration of these activities in cities appears paradoxical in the era of information. They are agglomerated because of their need of proximity for exchanging information. But information can…
On the emergence of the urban phenomenon. Part I
2001
In this paper we develop a relatively simple but general model describing the formation of urban agglomerations in a pre-industrial setting. Rural agglomeration on a local scale arises from the multiplication and specialization of intermediate goods and labor services, while dispersion is due to the commuting costs of agricultural workers. Urban agglomeration on a more global scale stems from the trade-off between increasing returns to scale and transport costs of goods. We derive a general equilibrium model of the formation of urban structures and show how population growth, strict indivisibilities and structural changes in the production sector can modify quantitatively and qualitatively …